Immune+system

Immune System: Is the body system that fights off infection and pathogens.(Tony)

-It is a disease cause by microorganisms that cause diseases in your body. (Nowicki 941)
 * What is a Pathogen? **

("Attack of the Novel Pathogenic Organisms.")
 * What protected you from pathogens? **

Many of your body systems protected you from pathogens. One of them is the immune system. **Immune system** is all parts of your body system that fight and protect you away from the invaders (Nowicki 945). The Immune system act like an outer layer of protection that protects your body from the invaders called **Pathogens.** You can imagine your body is an Earth that has many important living things inside and need to protect from the aliens. The “planet Earth” has many layer of defensive. The first line of defense is your skin. This defensive line create a very acidic layer called oil and sweat that easily kill some pathogens because they cannot live in this environments. Even though this defensive is big and powerful but it not really tight up together because your skin contain many pore and other holes that pathogens can easily fly in. For example your mouth and nose are the two most common. Just imagine when you breath in all the gas and dust outside the road (Nowicki 946). More basics information about immune system: [] []


 * White Blood Cells **

After the invader got through the first line of defensive, it’s time for our space warriors to come out and protect the world!Our space warriors are called the **White blood cells****,** white blood cells find and kill pathogens that have passed the outer defensive. When the pathogens get into your body, your blood stream send a chemical signals to the white blood cells to the part that was being infected and these warriors will come right there and fight back (Nowicki 946). There are 3 main types of white blood cells, **phagocyte, T cells** and **B cells.** You can imagine that these are the 3 best warriors in our defendsive. Phagocyte is a warrior or cells that fight pathogens by surrounding them and engulf the invaders. The T cells and B cells are in one group called lymphocytes. T cells destroy pathogens and body cells that were infected by the pathogens and B cells produce proteins to inactivate the pathogens that have not infected the body cells yet.

(“White Blood Cell Count”)

For your information about white blood cells: [] [] There are 3 types of proteins to fight off the invading pathogens: **Complement Protein, antibodies and interferon.**
 * Proteins **


 * Complement proteins: made by white blood cells and other organs. This protein use to weaken pathogens(Nowicki 947).
 * Antibodies: from B cells. These proteins destroy pathogens (Nowicki 947)
 * Interferon: are proteins that produced by body cells that are infected by a virus. This proteins are design (Nowicki 947)

("The Human Defense System.")


 * Passive Immunity / Active Immunity **

Passive immunity is immunity that occurs without the body’s undergoing an immune response (Nowicki 948). Passive Immunity is passing on from one generation to the other through DNA and one example is between mother and child. There also Genetic immunity, it is an immunity that a species has because a pathogen is not specialized to harming that species (Nowicki 948). Inherited immunity occurs when pathogens fighting with antibodies in a mother’s immune system and it passed on to the baby through the mother’s milk (Nowicki 948). Active immunity is immunity that your body produces in response to specific pathogens that has infected or is infecting your body (Nowicki 948). There is another type of active immunity called acquired immunity. Acquired immunity keeps you from becoming sick when the pathogen invaded (Nowicki 948). ("Nutrition in Mother’s Milk!")


 * Humoral Immunity **

Humoral process is a process to destroy pathogens using mainly the B cells. This process starts with B cells surround the pathogens while at the same time leave out antigens for the T cells to come and bond with it. This T cells will send an alert call to other B cells and tell them to start fighting the pathogens. The B cells will then divide into two types: cells that can produce antibodies for immediate fight, or memory cells which are cells that will be use for later fight with the same pathogens. The antibodies can do one one of the three things: make the pathogens ineffective or weaken the cell’s membrane or just to group it together (Nowicki 953) In cellular process, phagocytes will surround the pathogens and display the antigens for the T cells to attach to it. Once the T cells are attached, it will signal other T cells to come. The T cells will divide into two groups: memory cells or activated cells. Activated cells will burst and kill the pathogens immediately while the memory cells will be used later (Nowicki 954)
 * Cellular Immunity **


 * HIV/AIDS **
 * HIV** stand for human immunodeficiency virus, it’s a virus that really hard to destroy. Untill now people can’t even find out a way to prevent HIV. It’s a retrovirus that come into your body and start attack your immune system. When your body immune system is destroy, many disease and pathogens will easily attacks your body (Nowicki 961). HIV can lead to AIDS. **AIDS** is stand for Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It’s the final stage of your body immune system totally break down and destroy. When a person get infected by AIDS, the body can has some infections like tuberculosis, pneumonia, viral infections and most important is cancers.

For more information about HIV/AIDS: [] [] []